基于公共管理的分析框架:森林资源管理协调中的困境分析

首先阐述森林资源的公共物品属性,接着基于公共管理的分析框架,从国有林经营管理体制出发,深入分析目前森林资源现有管理模式面对的公共管理困境:集体行动的失范、共识和合作的困窘、机会主义行为难以克服、官僚化与浪费的消极抑制等风险。     

Classical Swine Fever Changes the Way Farmers Value Pigs in South Africa

Although there is growing demand for animal products in Africa, production is stagnating. Appropriate management of livestock diversity could help reinvigorate production, contribute to food security and improve farmers’ livelihoods, particularly in subsistence‐oriented systems. We assess differences in farmers’ preferences and economic values for pig traits across different production systems and across areas that have been affected and unaffected by classical swine fever (CSF). Not surprisingly, market‐oriented farmers derived higher values from the productive traits such as heavy slaughter weight and large litter size found in exotic pig genotypes. Subsistence‐oriented farmers, particularly in swine fever affected areas, placed high value on tolerance to disease. We found that CSF changed farmers’ preferences for adaptive traits, and less so for productive traits. Therefore, indigenous breeds become more valuable for subsistence farmers and crossbreeds for market‐oriented farmers if CSF is a risk. Our results can have implications for breeding and conservation strategies and for compensation strategies after culling, and will become increasingly relevant if, as predicted, heat waves and disease outbreaks become more frequent in pig production systems in South Africa with climate change.     

集体建设用地使用权流转可行性之法理分析

研究目的：研究集体建设用地使用权流转的可行性,为完善相关政策法规提出构想与建议。研究方法：文献研究法、比较研究法、实证研究法。研究结果：国家垄断建设用地使用权市场弊大于利,集体建设用地使用权直接入市则利大于弊。研究结论：应当实行国家严格控制下的集体建设用地使用权入市制度。     

Market intermediaries,storage and policy reforms

Intermediaries play a crucial role in the functioning of agricultural and food markets in developing countries through linking production, imports and storage with consumption. We analyse how competition in the intermediary sector and alternative forms of intermediaries determine the incentives for storage and market outcomes more generally. We apply this framework to the Egyptian wheat sector as an illustrative case study, a country where food security is a priority, where both forms of intermediaries co-exist and undertake storage but where issues of reforms to the role of intermediaries have been raised. Through stochastic simulation, we analyse two changes in government policy: first, the effects of changing the policy instruments with both types of intermediaries undertaking storage; second, relating to market reforms where the private sector replaces the storage function of the parastatal. These issues have wider significance for addressing the interaction between food security and a wide range of policy reforms including de-regulation of parastatals in developing countries.     

Conversion subsidies for organic production: results from Sweden and lessons for the United States

Organic conversion subsidies used in Europe are less likely to be politically acceptable in the United States, where organic agriculture development is market‐driven. Persistent barriers to conversion in the United States include limited availability of and access to production and market information, training in management systems and cost of conversion‐related investments. By determining whether these factors affect the requirement of a subsidy to convert, we can suggest whether U.S. policy makers need to provide subsidies to encourage conversion and identify policy variables consistent with market‐based approaches that could stimulate conversion. A utility difference model is used with Swedish data to analyze factors that determine whether a subsidy is required to motivate organic conversion. The results show that farmers requiring subsidies manage larger less‐diversified farms and are more concerned with organic inspection, quality, and adequacy of technical advice. Access to more market outlets and information sources substitutes for payment level in the farmer's utility function, indicating that services rather than subsidies may be used to encourage organic agriculture. To the extent that conditions are similar in the U.S. organic sector, market‐based programs such as cost‐sharing for conversion and market access improvement should stimulate growth of this industry.     

木竹制品价值链构成与林权改革影响分析——浙江安吉案例

采用价值链分析法,选定开展了林权改革的浙江省安吉县为例,针对其木、竹制品价值链上的培育和加工环节设计调查问卷并分别访谈。调查数据显示,木制品和竹制品价值链上从原料培育及初加工直至产成品各环节成本利润对比悬殊。分析其中的影响因素后发现,采伐政策是造成木、竹加工业培育和初加工环节利润悬殊的主要影响因素之一。     

土地产权三维界定的技术路线及其评论

研究目的：对已有研究文献涉及土地产权三维界定的技术路线进行结构性把握,梳理研究脉络与趋势,以期为土地产权三维界定在研究方法和范式上的改进提供思路。研究方法：文献分析法、比较分析法。研究结果：从理论基础、界定起点和界定方案看,国内外学界对土地产权三维界定大致存在三条技术路线：基于空间分离原理的技术路线、基于空间区分原理的技术路线和基于三维地籍原理的技术路线,分别反映了法学和地籍学对土地产权形态和产权客体进行三维界定的技术方案。研究结论：未来应将土地产权形态与产权客体三维界定统一起来,厘清其内在逻辑与生成路径,深化三维土地产权客体特定化实现机制、国家公权力植入三维土地产权实现机制和三维土地产权排他性支配机制研究,加快构建三维土地产权范式。